基于激光跟踪仪的三维控制网测量精度分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

于成浩  柯明 《测绘科学》2006,31(3):25-27

介绍三维控制网的优点及激光跟踪仪测量系统的特点,讨论了光束法平差原理及不同观测值的权比问题,并以100MeV电子直线加速器安装测量控制网的模拟计算和实测结果,论证了利用激光跟踪仪进行三维控制网的精度。  相似文献   

基于GIS的供水管网管理与服务系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邬群勇  王钦敏  陈涵  刘大维 《测绘科学》2006,31(4):152-154

现有的大多数管网信息系统仅仅局限于管网信息管理或者是管网信息服务,同时管网的三维可视化能力较弱。为了实现管网信息的综合管理和服务,作者提出一个基于C/S与B/S相结合的供水管网管理与服务的计算机应用解决方案,该方案以组件式G IS实现管网信息管理,以W ebG IS实现管网信息服务,同时基于Java3D实现管网信息的三维浏览和信息查询,实现了管网信息的综合管理和服务。本文以某园区供水管网管理与服务系统的建设为例,对系统的结构与功能,数据库设计、空间数据组织以及系统开发与集成模式等方面进行了探讨。该系统从应用角度为城市地下管网的管理和服务提供了一个可行的解决方案。  相似文献   

基于3D+-TPR-tree的点目标全时段移动索引设计   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭晶  刘广军  郭磊  董绪荣 《测绘学报》2006,35(3):267-272

在经典3D R-tree基础上提出新的3D R-tree索引,通过改变待索引数据项的结构并重新设计查询处理算法,减少包容矩形死区,提高查询效率;为了满足全时段查询要求,设计一种称为3D -TPR-tree的联合索引结构,并对其中TPR-tree的参数包容矩形的调整算法进行优化。通过测试,证明3D R-tree的查询效率明显高于普通3D R-tree;此外,测试结果也表明经过优化的参数包容矩形的调整算法也部分提升了TPR-tree的查询性能。  相似文献   

All-sky Data Assimilation of MWTS-2 and MWHS-2 in the Met Office Global NWP System.     

Fabien CARMINATI  Stefano MIGLIORINI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1682-1694

Microwave radiances from passive polar-orbiting radiometers have been, until recently, assimilated in the Met Office global numerical weather prediction system after the scenes significantly affected by atmospheric scattering are discarded.Recent system upgrades have seen the introduction of a scattering-permitting observation operator and the development of a variable observation error using both liquid and ice water paths as proxies of scattering-induced bias. Applied to the Fengyun 3 Microwave Temperature Sounder 2(MWTS-2) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder 2(MWHS-2), this methodology increases the data usage by up to 8% at 183 GHz. It also allows for the investigation into the assimilation of MWHS-2 118 GHz channels, sensitive to temperature and lower tropospheric humidity, but whose large sensitivity to ice cloud have prevented their use thus far. While the impact on the forecast is mostly neutral with small but significant shortrange improvements, 0.3% in terms of root mean square error, for southern winds and low-level temperature, balanced by 0.2% degradations of short-range northern and tropical low-level temperature, benefits are observed in the background fit of independent instruments used in the system. The lower tropospheric temperature sounding Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI) channels see a reduction of the standard deviation in the background departure of up to 1.2%. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A(AMSU-A) stratospheric sounding channels improve by up to 0.5% and the Microwave Humidity Sounder(MHS) humidity sounding channels improve by up to 0.4%.  相似文献   

Advances and limitations in establishing a contiguous high-resolution atmospheric radiocarbon record derived from subfossil kauri tree rings for the interval 60–27 cal kyr BP     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Radiocarbon dating is the most widely applied and reliable dating technique for providing chronological control during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3; ∼60–27 cal kyr BP). Past variations in the atmospheric concentration of radiocarbon mean a calibration curve is required. IntCal20 and SHCal20 calibration curves covering MIS3 are presently largely based on non-atmospheric records which, in combination with larger radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating uncertainties, results in significant smoothing and reduced resolution in calibration curve structure. Floating tree ring radiocarbon chronologies that are wiggle-matched to other palaeo records (particularly to Hulu Cave speleothems) have the potential to provide detailed structure to the MIS3 portion of extant calibration curves. New Zealand subfossil kauri (Agathis australis) trees are long-lived and are useful for constructing temporally-floating MIS3 atmospheric radiocarbon datasets. This paper presents extant and emerging data from several important Northland subfossil kauri locations (Omaha, Babylon Coast, Bream Bay, Kai Iwi Lakes, Mangawhai). We show the span of seven floating MIS3 kauri sequences (individual trees and chronologies) from which sequential radiocarbon series covering a total of 7556 years is now in development (representing 23% of the period 60–27 cal kyr BP). We also report radiocarbon dates for an additional 34 ancient kauri from MIS3 that can provide additional coverage. After these floating subfossil wood sequences have been produced, close to 40% of MIS3 (12,420 years) will be covered by contiguous subfossil kauri radiocarbon measurements. Based on our findings, we discuss the prospects and limitations for obtaining a highly resolved and precise atmospheric radiocarbon calibration curve comprehensively covering MIS3 using subfossil kauri.  相似文献   

A method to evaluate the degree of bleaching of IRSL signals in feldspar: The 3ET method     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

In addition to dating, IRSL luminescence signals can preserve information about erosional, transport, and depositional histories of a population of grains. Knowledge of the degree of bleaching can be useful in understanding the processes that occurred during previous depositional events, as certain transport conditions result in a well bleached signal, while others result in grains retaining an inherited signal from prior events. This information can be accessed by making single-grain IRSL measurements across successively increasing temperatures, thereby isolating signals from traps of different bleachabilities.A new approach offers a way to evaluate the completeness of bleaching of a grain by testing patterns of equivalent dose (D_E) values measured at three elevated temperatures (3ET), 50, 125, and 225 °C. Consistent D_E estimates across two or more temperatures suggest a single bleaching event of sufficient duration to fully depopulate the traps involved. Incompletely bleached grains with inconsistent D_E values across temperatures will lack a 3ET “plateau.” Modes in the distribution of D_E values for fully bleached grains can suggest depositional ages, subject to assessment of fading. We developed a Python code in a Jupyter Notebook environment for data analysis and visualization to expedite processing the large data sets produced by the 3ET protocol.The 3ET protocol was tested on a radiocarbon dated sequence of playa samples from California, USA and on a set of fluvial terraces in the Marlborough region of New Zealand as part of a larger project to reconstruct regional seismic history. Where standard pIRIR apparent ages can be inconsistent or ambiguous, 3ET age estimates produce generally consistent apparent ages. Modes of 3ET plateaus can be used to infer the most recent and prior events that resulted in a sub-population of grains being fully bleached. These initial results suggest that the 3ET method can be useful to characterize both the age and degree of bleaching of depositional events.  相似文献   

城市地下空间开发利用地质适宜性三维评价指标体系研究——以杭州市为例     

邢怀学  窦帆帆  葛伟亚  华健  常晓军  蔡小虎 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022020010-2022020010

地下空间开发地质适宜性三维评价是合理进行地下空间立体化开发、降低开发地质风险的重要手段,也是当前研究热点。作为地质适宜性三维评价全过程的重要一环,科学合理地建立三维评价指标体系是其能否正确开展的前提基础。通过结合杭州城市地下空间开发面临的地质问题,在系统分析各评价指标对地下空间开发建设影响的特征基础上,以三维视角从地层三维结构等多个方面构建完成了一套具有多层次结构的三维评价指标体系,并采用层次分析方法对评价指标进行了目标权重的计算、一致性检验、排序和分析。该指标体系可划分为5个准则层21个指标层,相较于二维评价指标体系,通过融合三维地质模型和三维空间分析方法,使评价过程中能够考虑更多的评价因子,更好地描绘地下复杂的三维地质环境,丰富了三维评价结果的内涵。基于模糊综合评价方法的杭州钱江新城二期的三维评价应用成果表明,该指标体系为三维地质模型和三维空间分析方法之间的整合提供了有力的指导,为提升三维尺度下的地下空间开发地质适宜性评价精度和准确性提供了有力的支持。  相似文献   

基于3D-DIC的砂岩裂纹扩展及损伤监测试验研究     

范杰  朱星  胡桔维  唐垚  贺春蕾 《岩土力学》2022,43(4):1009-1019

裂纹监测对岩石损伤演化的认识至关重要。为研究岩石裂纹扩展及损伤变形特性,开展了含不同倾角（0°～90°）预制裂隙的标准细黄砂岩样的单轴压缩试验。利用三维数字图像相关技术（3D-DIC）获取岩样三维空间坐标下的应变分布,并结合声发射从光学与声学的角度监测了裂纹的扩展演化。由此提出了一种裂纹主应变的计算方法,定量表征岩石劣化的损伤变量D值。最后,探讨了由声发射与损伤变量D值确定岩样特征强度的影响因素。结论如下：（1）裂纹主应变反映了岩样受荷过程中同源裂纹在时间上的变化速率与空间上的扩展趋势,能较好地表征岩石的开裂行为;（2）声发射适用于确定岩样的起裂应力,不适用于损伤应力的确定,损伤变量D值所确定的起裂应力滞后于声发射,但适用于损伤应力特征值的确定;（3）结合声发射与DIC技术确定的归一化起裂应力范围为0.63～0.94、归一化损伤应力的范围为0.83～0.99;（4）预有裂隙会影响岩石的材料力学性能。随着倾角的增加,岩石的起裂应力、损伤应力及峰值应力呈增长的趋势,由于难以形成局部应变场聚集,裂纹的萌生与起裂更加困难。结果表明,3D-DIC技术的利用可以提高对岩石开裂行为的理解,对岩石的损伤监测与判识更有重要的意义。  相似文献   

应力幅值比对土-结构接触面非共轴特性影响研究     

冯大阔  张建民 《岩土力学》2022,43(11):3047-3058

运用80 t大型三维多功能土工试验机（3DMAS）,进行了不同应力幅值比下粗粒土与结构接触面大型三维循环直剪试验,深入分析了应力控制往返椭圆剪切路径下接触面切向位移、非共轴角和剪切柔度等三维力学特性以及应力幅值比的影响规律。应力控制往返椭圆剪切路径下,接触面产生了明显的x向和y向位移、非共轴角和剪切柔度。x向和y向位移幅值、剪切柔度峰值均随循环剪切的进行逐渐减小而后趋于稳定,表现出演化特性。非共轴角受切向应力幅值及切向应力增量方向共同影响,其最值、稳定值随循环周次基本保持不变;正向剪切时非共轴角最大值（最小值）与反向剪切时最小值（最大值）基本出现在同一位置。接触面剪切柔度与非共轴角随旋转角度的变化趋势相反,剪切柔度的增加会抑制非共轴角的发展,反之亦然,两者对立统一。应力幅值比对接触面切向位移间椭圆关系及其时程变化形式、切向应力位移类椭圆关系等影响较小,主要影响切向位移幅值及其偏移程度、切向位移间椭圆关系的长短轴大小及方向、切向应力位移类椭圆关系的长短轴大小、非共轴角的数值及其随旋转角度的变化形式和最值出现位置、剪切柔度随旋转角度的变化形式和峰值及其产生位置等。应力幅值比越大,切向位移幅值越大、向负向偏移越大,剪切柔度峰值越大,随循环剪切的进行减小的速率越慢。应力幅值比ξ_τ=1和ξ_τ≠1时接触面非共轴角和剪切柔度随旋转角度的发展变化形式差别很大。  相似文献   

WV-3遥感数据在滇西矿产资源开发与地质灾害调查中的应用     

胡官兵  党伟  金梦迪 《江苏地质》2022,46(2):199-206

选择云南三江中南段高黎贡山之南作为研究对象,利用WorldView-3卫星数据高空间分辨率的特点,基于Skyline软件构建三维模拟场景,从不同视域范围、远近尺度、方位视角对解译目标进行全方位展示,获取了不同矿山开发及地质灾害的典型识别标志,进行矿产资源开发状况精细识别及地质灾害详细信息提取,解译出区内建筑石料用灰岩等5种非金属矿以及滑坡等3种类型地质灾害,为矿山管理及地质灾害调查提供快速精准的目标,提升工作效率和质量。  相似文献